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br Introduction Maintaining blood glucose within an appropri
2021-11-22
Introduction Maintaining blood glucose within an appropriate range is crucial for survival. In diabetes, those who suffer episodes of severe hypoglycemia have an increased risk of death [1], [2]. The hcv protease inhibitors is especially dependent on an adequate, continuous supply of circulating
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br Conflict of interest br Acknowledgements br Introduction
2021-11-22
Conflict of interest Acknowledgements Introduction Second generation antipsychotic drugs (SGAs) such as olanzapine are widely used in treating individuals with schizophrenia and bi-polar disorder and are increasingly prescribed for other conditions such as anxiety (Pringsheim and Gardner, 2
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br Acknowledgements br Introduction Ghrelin is
2021-11-22
Acknowledgements Introduction Ghrelin is a potent orexigenic hormone and growth hormone secretagogue mainly derived from the stomach [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]. Other pleiotropic actions of the hormone include those that are glucoregulatory, food reward-enhancing, gastric motility-enhancing, and
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br Conflict of interest br Introduction Since
2021-11-22
Conflict of interest Introduction Since its discovery in 1958 [1]the Ca2+-dependent K+ efflux in human red blood TCS 2510 (RBC) (further referred to as the Gárdos effect) has been extensively studied (see 2, 3for review) and has been helpful in understanding the role of the Ca2+-activated K+
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br STAR Methods br Introduction Arsenite is a well recognize
2021-11-22
STAR★Methods Introduction Arsenite is a well-recognized toxic metalloid that commonly presents in the natural environment. Chronic exposure to arsenite can lead to a wide range of adverse health effects to human, including cancers, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, skin lesion and neurodegene
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Figure shows the network of the
2021-11-20
Figure 2 shows the network of the 47 persons with diagnosed HIV and their 192 contacts. Of the contacts, 149 (78%) were first-generation contacts and 43 (22%) were second-generation contacts. Color and shape combinations used for network nodes (i.e., persons) allow one to simultaneously discern past
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Taken together the four HRs couple with several different si
2021-11-20
Taken together, the four HRs couple with several different signaling pathways modulating various G-proteins (Fig. 1). Histamine H1R The H1R, including many other biogenic amine receptors, is one of the GPCR family members (see for a complete list e.g. http://www.gpcr.org/7tm/ or http://tools.gpc
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br Disclosures br Introduction The brown planthopper Nilapar
2021-11-20
Disclosures Introduction The brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae), is a classic insecticide-induced resurgent pest throughout Asian rice-growing regions (Chelliah and Heinrichs, 1980). The resurgence of N. lugens induced by commonly used chemical agents has bee
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Furthermore we also found that both activation of
2021-11-20
Furthermore, we also found that both activation of oncogenes and inactivation of tumor suppressor genes occurred in HBV oval cells, which showed opposite pattern in HBV hepatocytes. These genes might take part in neoplastic transformation of oval cells induced by HBV regarding the multipotent role o
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Priming phosphorylation can also generate a binding site for
2021-11-20
Priming 2881 can also generate a binding site for some protein-interaction domains and adaptor proteins that recruit kinases to phosphorylate more distal sites [36]. Well-characterized phosphoprotein-interacting domains include pTyr-binding SH2 domains present in many nonreceptor TyrKs and the pSer
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The finding that GPR acts as a receptor
2021-11-20
The finding that GPR35 acts as a receptor for 2-acyl LPA is noteworthy, because P2Y5, which has homology with GPR35 (29%), has recently been shown to act as a receptor for 2-acyl LPA [14]. LPA3 is also a specific receptor for 2-acyl LPA [15]. It is also worth noting that GPR55, which has homology wi
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Acknowledgments Financial support from the National Natural
2021-11-20
Acknowledgments Financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81730094, 81473262 and 81573299) is gratefully acknowledged. This project was also supported by the “111 Project” from the Ministry of Education of China, the State Administration of Foreign Expert Affairs of C
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ATP is essential for maintaining the ionic balance of the
2021-11-20
ATP is essential for maintaining the ionic balance of the lens (Michael and Bron, 2011). Without sufficient ATP there is an ionic imbalance due to Na+K+ATPase dysfunction. Previous studies have shown that rabbit lenses incubated ex vivo without glucose rapidly lost ATP in their lens epithelium and f
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br Acknowledgments br Introduction When human red blood
2021-11-19
Acknowledgments Introduction When human red blood cell (hRBC) membranes are depolarized, either as intact Probucol synthesis suspended in depolarizing (low Cl−) Ringers or under voltage clamp conditions using excised inside-out patches, they respond by opening a nonselective voltage-dependent
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Ionotropic aminobutyric acid GABA receptors GABARs belong to
2021-11-19
Ionotropic γ-aminobutyric 8220 (GABA) receptors (GABARs) belong to the Cys-loop ligand-gated ion channel (LGIC) superfamily and play an important role in the rapid inhibitory synaptic transmission in nervous systems of both vertebrate and invertebrate (Buckingham et al., 2005). Insect ionotropic GAB
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