Based on these previous studies we hypothesized that

Based on these previous studies, we hypothesized that reanalysis of the ASHRAE RP-884 database according to climate would clarify any differences in thermal selective estrogen receptor modulators among climates. We determined that it is relevant to identify climates in defining the adaptive model because this approach considers typical environment and adaptive actions that are useful in particular sets of circumstances (Brager and de Dear, 1998; Humphreys and Nicol, 1998). Climate significantly affects such factors. In particular, the typical conditions of warm environments generally differ from those of moderate environments; in response to heat, the former require adaptive actions such as sweating and increased air movement. Accordingly, the adaptive model should also differ under warm conditions. Considering this factor, the adaptive model can more effectively explain discrepancies between predicted and actual thermal responses among climates. The primary objectives of the present study are to examine the thermal adaptation of occupants and to develop an adaptive thermal comfort equation to be used as a standard for naturally ventilated buildings in the hot–humid climate. This study employs statistical meta-analysis of the ASHRAE RP-884 database. With reference to the two major adaptive standards (ASHRAE, 2010; BSI, 2008), the main criteria for discussion include formulation of an adaptive comfort equation, temporal characterization of outdoor air temperature in the equation, acceptable comfort limits, and allowance for increased comfort temperature by considering the effects of indoor air speed and humidity. Although the study focuses on hot–humid climate, the results of hot–dry and moderate climates are also discussed for comparison. However, the effects of indoor air speed and humidity are considered for only hot climates.
Meta-analysis method
Results and discussion
Implications for an adaptive thermal comfort standard in hot–humid climate and concluding remarks The statistical meta-analysis of the ASHRAE RP-884 database by climate highlights several key differences in the thermal adaptation of occupants in naturally ventilated buildings among climates and the existing standards (ASHRAE, 2010; BSI, 2008). These differences are summarized in the following points: For a final conclusion, the study anticipates Homomultimeric protein regions of hot–humid climate will require their own adaptive thermal comfort standards. A basic set of adaptive thermal comfort criteria for naturally ventilated buildings in hot–humid climate is thus proposed in Table 5 based on the present study findings. Major international standards can be modified to incorporate new criteria for better applicability. Further studies are recommended, particularly to determine suitable percentages of occupants in comfort, to develop an increased air speed allowance, and to verify the applicability of these criteria to the driest month in the tropical savannah climate.
Acknowledgements This study was funded by the Nichias Corporation and the Asahi Glass Foundation. Our sincerest gratitude is given to Richard J. de Dear, Gail S. Brager, Donna Cooper, and all of the field study contributors to the ASHRAE RP-884 database. We greatly appreciate the advice offered by Associate Prof. Dr. Hom B. Rijal of Tokyo City University and Dr. Nakaya of Gifu National College of Technology. The scholarship from The Hitachi Scholarship Foundation is gratefully acknowledged.
Introduction Building related activities—operation, construction processes and materials—account for more than 50% of anthropogenic CO2 emissions worldwide, the major driver for climate change (Meggers et al., 2012b). While heating of buildings is the main contributor for operation related emissions in moderate climates, cooling for latent loads (dehumidification) and sensible loads (space cooling) is predominant in tropical climates like Singapore. Modern standards of comfort necessitate the dehumidification of air and the decrease of inside temperatures. This is most often done with air-conditioning systems where the incoming air is mechanically cooled until sufficient water vapour has condensed. The dehumidified air is then used for sensible cooling.